Somalia and Egypt Forge Strategic Alliance with Defense Pact Amid Regional Tensions

Thursday, August 15, 2024

Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud and Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi have solidified a significant alliance by signing a landmark Defense and Security Cooperation Agreement in Cairo. This move marks a pivotal step in deepening their bilateral relations and ushers in a new era of strategic partnership focused on regional security.Skillshare

The agreement, finalized during a high-level meeting in the Egyptian capital, commits both countries to enhanced military cooperation and joint efforts to bolster Somalia's defense capabilities. President Mohamud emphasized the importance of the pact, stating, "This agreement lays the groundwork for closer collaboration between our defense and security ministries, which is crucial for the stability of our region."

The defense pact comes at a critical time as Somalia navigates a complex geopolitical landscape, particularly concerning its strained relations with Ethiopia. Earlier this year, Ethiopia signed a contentious agreement with Somaliland, a breakaway region of Somalia, to lease a strategic portion of Somaliland's coastline for a naval base. Somalia strongly opposes the agreement, viewing it as a violation of its sovereignty.

In response, Egypt has voiced unwavering support for Somalia's territorial integrity. President El-Sisi reiterated Egypt's commitment to Somali unity, declaring, "Egypt stands firmly against any interference in Somalia's internal affairs. We are dedicated to supporting our Somali brothers in defending their sovereignty."

This defense pact marks a significant shift in the Horn of Africa's security dynamics, with Egypt positioning itself as a key player in the region. As the African Union transitions from ATMIS to AUSSOM in January 2025, Egypt is poised to replace Ethiopia as a leading peacekeeping force. This strategic realignment underscores Cairo's determination to counter Ethiopia's regional influence, which has been increasingly challenged by its aggressive policies.Skillshare

The defense agreement is part of Egypt's broader strategy to strengthen its influence in the Horn of Africa amid its ongoing rivalry with Ethiopia. By aligning more closely with Somalia, Egypt aims to curtail Ethiopia's access to the Red Sea and diminish its strategic advantage in the region.Skillshare

"The pact took everyone by surprise, especially Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, who now faces the reality that Ethiopia's bid for regional dominance is increasingly alienating it from its neighbors," noted African affairs analyst Hatim Dirdiri. This growing isolation could weaken Ethiopia's position in its ongoing disputes with Egypt over the Nile and its broader regional ambitions.

President Mohamud expressed confidence in the Skillsharepartnership's potential to address security challenges, stating, "With Egypt’s impressive military capability and experience, combined with our own courage and determination, we will advance and succeed in securing Somalia from all threats that pose risks to our people and the wider world today."

Beyond the defense pact, Somalia and Egypt have also strengthened their diplomatic and economic ties. This includes the reopening of the Egyptian embassy in SkillshareMogadishu, the resumption of direct flights between Cairo and the Somali capital, and increased trade cooperation. President Mohamud expressed gratitude for Egypt's longstanding support, emphasizing the importance of deepening economic, security, and political relations.

As part of this expanded relationship, Egypt has decided to import large quantities of livestock from Somalia, which is expected to boost Somalia's economy by increasing export revenues. Livestock exports, accounting for over 70% of Somalia's trade, are set to benefit significantly from this new demand, providing vital income for Somali producers and supporting rural economies.

The signing of the defense pact also coincides with stalled negotiations between Somalia and Ethiopia in Ankara, mediated by Turkey. SkillshareThese talks, aimed at de-escalating tensions over the Somaliland issue, ended without resolution, leaving both sides entrenched in their positions. The Somali Foreign Ministry reiterated the country's stance, stating, "Somalia remains steadfast in safeguarding its sovereignty and territorial integrity," indicating that further negotiations may be necessary.